Mastering smooth gear changes is one of the three essential driving skills, along with steering and clutch control.
Gears can be shifted up or down, which refers to moving to a higher gear (e.g., 4 or 5) or a lower gear (e.g., 1 or 2), regardless of the gear lever's direction.
The basic principle is to shift up as the car’s speed increases and shift down when more engine power is needed, such as when climbing a hill or starting at low speeds.
Gears control the amount of power delivered by the engine.
First gear offers maximum pulling power but limits speed, while fifth gear provides the highest speed range with minimal pulling power. The table below outlines typical speeds and engine revs for shifting gears up or down.
Manual transmission change speeds - UP - | ||
Gear Change | Approx. Speed | Tachometer (Revs) |
1st – 2nd 2nd – 3rd 3rd – 4th 4th – 5th | 25 km/h 40 km/h 60 km/h 80 km/h | 2,000 – 3,000 rpm 2,500 – 3,500 rpm 2,500 – 3,500 rpm 2,500 – 3,500 rpm |
Manual transmission change speeds - DOWN - | ||
Gear Change | Approx. Speed | Tachometer (Revs) |
5th – 4th 4th – 3rd 3rd – 2nd 2nd – 1st | 65 km/h 45 km/h 35 km/h 15 km/h | 2,000 rpm 2,000 rpm 2,000 rpm 1,500 rpm |
The fundamental rule for changing gears is "brakes to slow, gears to go." Shift up through the gears as the car gains speed. Use the foot brake to slow down, and only shift to a lower gear when you need the accelerator to drive again.
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